Today, I'm gonna share some information about how to write abstract for academic paper. I hope this can give you some help and let's take a look!
Abstract is a summary of several main aspects from your research paper and constructed in one paragraph (usually, around 250 words). This paragraph consist of several sentences which each sentences has different purposes. Sometimes, people use different template for abstract but many of them write the abstract using font size around 9 pt with Times New Roman font type.
- In the First until (maximum) Third sentences, you should explain your main issue (or research objectives). Write as clear as possible and stop beating around the bus-get to the point!
- Next, add and explain the methods (or your plan to get the objectives) you use. You can try to summarize your method or put your fundamental methods.
- Then, inform the primary results and report all the outcome based on your purposes or if you haven't complete your study you can tell about the trend or predict the results you will achieve. You can also add some details, such as, the gap, differences, identify the trend, etc.
- And lastly, reveal your summary from result and discussion or you can tell the implication from the results you obtained.
In the research paper, "Title" consist of (very) simple statement and tell about the main information while "Abstract" consist of several details to explain the main features of the study and this can help the readers to decide whether they want to continue reading the full-paper or not. And in the text below, I give some example about the abstract for research paper :
The first one is from my own homework and the second one is from Elsevier Journal (Environmental Pollution) by David J Nowak, Satoshi Hirabayashi, Allison Bodine and Eric Greenfield.
1. ABSTRACT – Indonesia is the country with the highest deforestation rate. Results of analysis Forest Watch Indonesia (FWI) indicate that in the period 2009 until 2013, the deforestation rate reached 1.1 million hectares per year. And in the journal of Nature Climate Change, in 2012 Indonesia has lost 840,000 hectares or nearly doubled forest loss in Brazil. Lampung Province is one of the area that has large forest area. The forest area reached 1,004,735 hectares or approximately 30.43% of the total area. However, the lack of forest management led to illegal logging occur. Thus, monitoring that are more accurate and clear is needed to help the governments to determine the area that should be monitored. Changes in forest area are identified by the number of crown trees and land cover in the study area were analyzed using very high resolution imagery. The analysis is using geographic object-based image (GEOBIA) to detect the crown trees, delineate, calculate changes forest area and mapping land cover changes. The results show the distribution of forest areas and the forest loss changes in Lampung Province. Keywords: Monitoring, Deforestation, Geographic Information System, Satellite Imagery
2. ABSTRACT – Trees remove air pollution by the interception of particulate matter on plant surfaces and the absorption of gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. However, the magnitude and value of the effects of trees and forests on air quality and human health across the United States remains unknown. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees and forests in the conterminous United States removed 17.4 million tonnes (t) of air pollution in 2010 (range: 9.0e23.2 million t), with human health effects valued at 6.8 billion U.S. dollars (range: $1.5e13.0 billion). This pollution removal equated to an average air quality improvement of less than one percent. Most of the pollution removal occurred in rural areas, while most of the health impacts and values were within urban areas. Health impacts included the avoidance of more than 850 incidences of human mortality and 670,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms. Keywords: Air Pollution Removal, Air Quality, Ecosystem Services, Human Mortality, Urban Forests
Cheers!💟
2. ABSTRACT – Trees remove air pollution by the interception of particulate matter on plant surfaces and the absorption of gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. However, the magnitude and value of the effects of trees and forests on air quality and human health across the United States remains unknown. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees and forests in the conterminous United States removed 17.4 million tonnes (t) of air pollution in 2010 (range: 9.0e23.2 million t), with human health effects valued at 6.8 billion U.S. dollars (range: $1.5e13.0 billion). This pollution removal equated to an average air quality improvement of less than one percent. Most of the pollution removal occurred in rural areas, while most of the health impacts and values were within urban areas. Health impacts included the avoidance of more than 850 incidences of human mortality and 670,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms. Keywords: Air Pollution Removal, Air Quality, Ecosystem Services, Human Mortality, Urban Forests
Cheers!💟
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